From 9c037c5aeda554dbbbe58b249e6c3e93866c5a33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Oberhofer <sa.oberhofer@mci4me.at>
Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2022 13:36:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Avl Stuff

---
 Uebung 2/2.3/Makefile    |  51 +++++++++++
 Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.cpp | 181 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.h   |  25 ++++++
 Uebung 2/2.3/main.cpp    |  43 ++++++++++
 4 files changed, 300 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Uebung 2/2.3/Makefile
 create mode 100644 Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.cpp
 create mode 100644 Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.h
 create mode 100644 Uebung 2/2.3/main.cpp

diff --git a/Uebung 2/2.3/Makefile b/Uebung 2/2.3/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c25eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Uebung 2/2.3/Makefile	
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+# Name of the binary for Development
+BINARY = main
+# Name of the binary for Release
+FINAL = prototyp
+# Object files
+OBJS   = main.o avlNode.o
+# Compiler flags
+CFLAGS = -g #-std=c++17  #-fsanitize=address,undefined -Werror -Wall 
+# Linker flags
+LFLAGS = #-fsanitize=address,undefined
+#Which Compiler to use
+COMPILER = c++
+
+
+# all target: builds all important targets
+all: binary
+
+final : ${OBJS}
+	${COMPILER} ${LFLAGS} -o ${FINAL} ${OBJS}
+
+binary : ${OBJS}
+	${COMPILER} ${LFLAGS} -o ${BINARY} ${OBJS}
+
+# Links the binary
+${BINARY} : ${OBJS}
+	${COMPILER} ${LFLAGS} -o ${BINARY} ${OBJS}
+
+
+# Compiles a source-file (any file with file extension .c) into an object-file
+#
+# "%" is a wildcard which matches every file-name (similar to * in regular expressions)
+# Such a rule is called a pattern rule (because it matches a pattern, see https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Pattern-Rules.html),
+# which are a form of so called implicit rules (see https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Implicit-Rules.html)
+# "$@" and "$<" are so called automatic variables (see https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Automatic-Variables.html)
+%.o : %.cpp
+	${COMPILER} -c ${CFLAGS} -o $@ $<
+
+
+# Rules can not only be used for compiling a program but also for executing a program
+run: ${BINARY}
+	./${BINARY}
+
+
+# Delete all build artifacts
+clean :
+	rm -rf ${BINARY} ${OBJS}
+
+
+# all  and clean are a "phony" targets, meaning they are no files
+.PHONY : all clean
diff --git a/Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.cpp b/Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42c2a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.cpp	
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#include "avlNode.h"
+
+AvlNode::AvlNode(int key) {
+  this->left = nullptr;
+  this->right = nullptr;
+  this->key = key;
+  this->height = 1;
+}
+
+// helper function which returns the max of the two inputs
+int AvlNode::max(int n1, int n2) { return (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2; }
+
+// caluclate height difference of a given Node by calculating difference of
+// heights of left and right subtree
+int AvlNode::getHeightDifference() {
+  int diff;
+  if (this == nullptr) {
+    diff = 0;
+  } else {
+    diff = this->left->getHeight() - this->right->getHeight();
+  }
+  return diff;
+}
+
+// returns height of a given AVL Node
+int AvlNode::getHeight() {
+  if (this == nullptr) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return this->height;
+  }
+}
+
+// insert a new node by recursively going to the sorted position which yields
+// nullptr
+AvlNode *AvlNode::insert(int key) {
+  if (this == nullptr) {
+    AvlNode *newNode = new AvlNode(key);
+    return newNode;
+  } else if (key > this->key) {
+    this->right = this->right->insert(key);
+  } else if (key < this->key) {
+    this->left = this->left->insert(key);
+  } else {
+    return this;
+  }
+  // update heights of all other nodes
+  this->height =
+      1 + this->max(this->left->getHeight(), this->right->getHeight());
+
+  int diff = this->getHeightDifference();
+  // check if rebalancing is necessary
+  if (diff > 1) { // check which kind of rebalancing is necessary
+    if (key > this->left->key) {
+      this->left = this->left->leftRotation();
+      return this->rightRotation();
+
+    } else if (key < this->left->key) {
+      return this->rightRotation();
+    }
+  } else if (diff < -1) { // check which kind of rebalancing is necessary
+    if (key > this->right->key) {
+      return this->leftRotation();
+    } else if (key < this->right->key) {
+      this->right = this->right->rightRotation();
+      return this->leftRotation();
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+// perform a left rotation (see lecture)
+AvlNode *AvlNode::leftRotation() {
+  std::cout << "Do a left rotation on node " << this->key << "\n";
+  AvlNode *rightNode = this->right;
+  AvlNode *leftOfRightNode = rightNode->left;
+
+  rightNode->left = this;
+  this->right = leftOfRightNode;
+
+  // update heights
+  this->height =
+      this->max(this->left->getHeight(), this->right->getHeight()) + 1;
+  rightNode->height =
+      this->max((rightNode->left->getHeight()), rightNode->right->getHeight()) +
+      1;
+  return rightNode;
+}
+
+// perform a right rotation (see lecture)
+AvlNode *AvlNode::rightRotation() {
+  std::cout << "Do a right rotation on node " << this->key << "\n";
+  AvlNode *leftNode = this->left;
+  AvlNode *rightOfLeftNode = leftNode->right;
+
+  leftNode->right = this;
+  this->left = rightOfLeftNode;
+
+  // update heights
+  this->height =
+      this->max(this->left->getHeight(), this->right->getHeight()) + 1;
+  leftNode->height =
+      this->max(leftNode->left->getHeight(), leftNode->right->getHeight()) + 1;
+  return leftNode;
+}
+
+// function to print an AVL tree in pre-order: (sub)root, left (sub)tree, right
+// (sub)tree
+std::string AvlNode::printPreorder() {
+  std::stringstream output;
+  output << "node:\t" << this->key << ",\t";
+  output << "height:\t" << this->getHeight() << ",\t";
+  output << "Diff:\t" << this->getHeightDifference() << "\n";
+
+  if (this->left != nullptr) {
+    output << this->left->printPreorder();
+  }
+  if (this->right != nullptr) {
+    output << this->right->printPreorder();
+  }
+  return output.str();
+}
+
+AvlNode *AvlNode::deleteItem(int key) {
+  AvlNode *node = this;
+
+  if (node == nullptr) {
+    return this;
+  } else if (key < node->key) {
+    node->left = node->left->deleteItem(key);
+  } else if (key > node->key) {
+    node->right = node->right->deleteItem(key);
+  } else {
+    // AvlNode *deleteNode = node;
+    if (node->left == nullptr && node->right == nullptr) {
+      delete node;
+      node = nullptr;
+      return nullptr;
+    } else if (node->left == nullptr) { // only children in right subtree
+      AvlNode *temp = node;
+      node = node->right;
+      delete temp;
+    } else if (this->right == nullptr) { // only children in left subtree
+      AvlNode *temp = node;
+      node = node->left;
+      delete temp;
+    } else { // we have to keep the BST structure, here, we look for the minimum
+             // in the right subtree (see lecture)
+      AvlNode *temp = node->right;
+      while (temp->left != nullptr) {
+        temp = temp->left;
+      }
+      node->key = temp->key;
+      node->right = node->right->deleteItem(temp->key);
+    }
+  }
+  this->height = 1 + max(this->left->getHeight(), this->right->getHeight());
+  int diff = this->getHeightDifference();
+
+  if (diff > 1) {
+    if (this->left->getHeightDifference() >= 0) {
+      // Left Left Case
+      return this->rightRotation();
+    } else {
+      // Left Right Case
+      this->left = this->left->leftRotation();
+      return this->rightRotation();
+    }
+  }
+  if (diff < -1) {
+    if (this->right->getHeightDifference() <= 0) {
+      // Right Right Case
+      return this->leftRotation();
+    } else {
+      // Right Left Case
+      this->right = this->right->rightRotation();
+      return this->leftRotation();
+    }
+  }
+  return node;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.h b/Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05569fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Uebung 2/2.3/avlNode.h	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+#pragma once
+
+class AvlNode {
+public:
+  int key;
+  AvlNode *left;
+  AvlNode *right;
+  int height;
+
+  AvlNode(int key);
+
+  int max(int n1, int n2);
+  int getHeightDifference();
+  int getHeight();
+
+  AvlNode *insert(int key);
+  AvlNode *leftRotation();
+  AvlNode *rightRotation();
+  AvlNode *deleteItem(int key);
+  std::string printPreorder();
+};
diff --git a/Uebung 2/2.3/main.cpp b/Uebung 2/2.3/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8cb787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Uebung 2/2.3/main.cpp	
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "avlNode.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+int main() {
+  AvlNode *root = new AvlNode(10);
+  // always give the root, as it could be changed with any insertion (in
+  // comparison to BST!)
+  root = root->insert(15);
+  root = root->insert(5);
+  root = root->insert(8);
+  root = root->insert(3);
+  root = root->insert(9);
+  root = root->insert(16);
+  root = root->insert(17);
+  root = root->deleteItem(10);
+
+  for (int i = 20; i <= 50; i++) {
+    root = root->insert(i);
+  }
+
+  // root = root->deleteItem(5);
+
+  /* -- Scenarion 1 - rightRotation -- */
+  // root = root->insert(2);
+
+  /* -- Scenarion 2 - leftRotation -- */
+  // root = root->insert(17);
+  // root = root->insert(19);
+
+  /* -- Scenarion 3 - rightRotation, then leftRotation -- */
+  // root = root->insert(17);
+  // root = root->insert(16);
+
+  /* -- Scenarion 4 - leftRotation, then rightRotattion -- */
+  // root = root->insert(17);
+  // root = root->insert(6);
+  // root = root->insert(7);
+
+  std::cout << root->printPreorder();
+  std::cout << "Perfectly balanced! As all things should be!\n";
+  return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file